| Português | Xichangana | Emakhuwa | Shimakonde | Ciyaawo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dialecto | vulavulelo | nlavulelo | shitangalelo | |
| Ensino bilingue | tijondzo hi tindzimi timbirhi (tirimi ta xinto) | osoma wa mattaava mayili | kupundisha na vitangodi vivili | wusoomesyo wa yiveeceto yividi |
| Língua | lirimi | nttaava | lulimi / shitangodi | civeeceto |
| Língua de sinais | ximbheveve | nttaava na mooniheryo | shitangodi na makono | civeeceto ca yilosyo |
| Língua estrangeira | lirimi la matiku ya vambi | nttaava na okhopela | shitangodi sha vilambo vya panda | civeeceto ca yilaambo ya kusa |
| Língua materna | lirimi la mapsaliwa | nttaava nooyareliwa | shitangodi sha uvalakwelo | civeeceto ca ndaanda |
| Linguagem | mavulavuleo | nlavulo | shitangodi | wuveeceti |
| Mapa linguístico | mapa wa tindzimi | maapha a nttaava | imapa ya dinangodi | mapu ga yiveeceto |
| Variante linguística | Vulavulelo | mavirikanelo nttaava | lijavaniko lya shitangodi | civeeceto ca padeela |
| Português | Xichangana | Emakhuwa | Shimakonde | Ciyaawo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consoante | xitatisi | nlepo noohiwanyeya | inembo ya bubu | alupo |
| Escrita | matsalela | olepa | maandiko | kaleembe |
| Hífen | xiboho / nhlanga hlanganisu | nlutta-nlove | mungamalove | ciluumbicila / ciluundela |
| Letra | letela | nlepo | inembo | dileembo |
| Palavra | ritu | malove | lilove | dilove |
| Som | mpfumawulo | nsu | ishauti | diisono |
| Vogal | xitwali | nlepo noovuwa | inembo ya madi | adipu / caamiila |
| Vogal breve | xitwali kugoma | nlepo noovuwa / noowaakuveya | inembo ya madi ingwipi | adipu ja n’cijiipi |
| Vogal longa | xitlali kuleha | nlepo noovuwa / noopisa | inembo ya madi ya ulewu | adipu ja n’cileewu |
| Português | Xichangana | Emakhuwa | Shimakonde | Ciyaawo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afixo | xilungi / xinameki | nlutte | nundanio-lilove | tuluunde twa malove |
| Classe nominal | ntlawa wa maritu | muxovo wa nsina | shipinga sha malove | kalase ja meena/n’tuundu wa meena |
| Classe semântica | rixaka ra nhlamuselo wa maritu | malove oowiiraana vamosa | shipinga sha maana a malove | n’tuundu wa malove |
| Composição | kuwumba / vumbeko | muluttanelo malove | kunganianga | wuwuunje wa malove |
| Derivação | vunembeleti / davuko / vangelo / ntumbuluko wa maritu | mupakelo malove | kwandadya lilove na imbandi | maceenga malove ni maluumbo |
| Empréstimo | ritu / vitu lombeko | mooliho | lijadikilo | cijasimicilo |
| Morfologia | ntivumavumbiwela ya maritu | makhalelo a malove | maumbilo la malove | molopoolociiya |
| Nome | vitu | nsina/ncina | lina | diina |
| Número | nhlayo / nomboro | nummeru | inamba | naambala |
| Plural | vunyingi | mwaattelo | shilyoe | yejiiji |
| Prefixo | Xirhangi | nlutte na ottuli | lutavi lutandi lwa lilove | kaluunde ka munyuuma |
| Singular | xivun´we | eveekhaya | shigweka | cimo n’saape |
| Substantivo | Vitu | nsina/ncina | lina | yilosya meena |
| Sufixo | Xilandzi | nlutte na ohoolo | lutavi lwa kumwisho lilove | kaluunde ka m’bujo |
| Português | Xichangana | Emakhuwa | Shimakonde | Ciyaawo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjectivo | rihlavuli | namalikanxa | njalula-mena | diceengameena |
| Advérbio | riyengeteli | masuweliha / ativeeripiyu | njalula-shitendo | diceluumbo |
| Argumento verbal | xikombariyendli | munnuwelo wa nlavulo | njalakelashitendo | cilosya citeendo |
| Aspecto | matshamela | nihimya-nlavulo | matandakelo a shirtendo | wutuundu |
| Concordância | vuyelanisi | mwiiraanelo | kwitikila / kwamini | wiiticisye |
| Grupo nominal | ntlawa wa riviti | mpantta wa nsina | shipinga sha lina | dikuuga dya diina |
| Grupo verbal | ntlawa wa riyendli | mpantta wa nlavulo | shipinga sha shitendo | dikuuga dya citeendo |
| Extensão verbal | vunavi ra riyendli | muncereryo wa nlavulo | shivilikiti sha kwandadya shutendo | coojecesyo citeendo |
| Frase | xiga | noolumo / nuulumo | ntenga | n’seela wa diveeceti |
| Marca de objecto | xikombisu xa muyendleliwa | mooniheryo wa mwiireliwa | shinaka sha shitambulika na shitendo | cilosya citeendego |
| Negação | nyalo | mukhoottelo | shiitilo | cikaanilo |
| Objecto | nchumu | etthu / mwiireliwa | shinu | ciindu |
| Raiz verbal | rimitsu ra riyendli | mooniheryo wa nlavulo | lushija lwa shitendo | n’ciga wa citeendo |
| Sujeito | ritirhi | namwiira / namapaka | likameko | n’teenda |
| Tempo verbal | nkama wa riyendli | okathi wa nlavulo | wakati wa vitendo | ndema ja citeendo |
| Tom | mpimu wa mpfumawulu / ntikisu | mphimo wa malove | mpimo wa ishauti | kasone |
| Verbo | riyendli | nlavulo | shitendo | citeendo |
| Verbo reduplicado | riyendliphindhiwa | nlavulo nootthikeliwa | shitendo sha shilundo shivili | citeendo ce wiidisye |
| Português | Xichangana | Emakhuwa | Shimakonde | Ciyaawo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compreender | kutwisisa | wiiwa | kugundula | kukaludila |
| Compreensão | ntwisiso | mwiiwelo | magundulilo | wukaludile |
| Conto | sungu / xihitana | ehantisi / ethale | lutano / nkong’o | ndano |
| Interpretar | kuhlamusela (tsalwa) kukombisa (teyatru) | otaphulela | kwaulangila | kugopolanya |
| Leitor | mulerhi / muhlayi | namasoma / mweerenka | mushomi / nkushomya | n’sooma |
| Ler | kulerha / kuhlaya | osoma / weerenka | kushomya | kusooma |
| Narrador | muvulavuleri | maalakela | nkuvalanga | n’tanga |
| Personagem | vakumeki | mutthu-pi-itthu | muntenga | n’teenda wupaande mu suula |
| Significado | nhlamuselo | musuweliho | maana | maluumbo |
| Sílaba | peletwana | mpantta wa nlove | shipande sha lilove | kapaande ka dilove |
| Texto | tsalwa | mutthaka | ntenga | suula |
| Título | nhlokomhaka | muru wa mutthaka | muti wa ntenga | n’twe |
| Português | Xichangana | Emakhuwa | Shimakonde | Ciyaawo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspas | svinghenelo / tinhlayelo | ikhomo soothanlela | uvijo | |
| Aviso | xitivisu | mutthaka | ntenga wa kumanyiya | cimanyiisyo |
| Composição | kuwumba tsalwa | otakanxa malove | kunganianga | matala ga kuwuungila malove |
| Conclusão | makumu / mapfalela / mahelela | mmaliheryo | shakumalilila | mbeesi |
| Dois pontos | hikombirhi | ikhomo piili | madeni mavili | yimicilo yividi |
| Introdução | masungulo | epaceryo / mupacerelo | shitunduvangilo | ndaandilo |
| Letra maiúscula | letela la rikulu | nlepo nuulupale | lutembo lukumene | dileembo dyeekuluungwa |
| Letra minúscula | letela la ritsongo | nlepo nankhaani | lutembo ludikidiki | dileembo dya mwaana |
| Poema | xithokozelo | epoowema | shilanga | kaswiida / suula wulaanda |
| Poesia | vuthokozelo | epowesiya | shilanga | kaswiida / suula wulaanda |
| Ponto | xihiko | ekhomo | lideni | ciimiko |
| Ponto e vírgula | hikohefemulo / hikwana | ekhomo ni yoomumula | lideni na kupumula | ciimiko ca kapuumudisi / ciimiko ni ndoonya |
| Ponto de exclamação | nhlangahlamalo | ekhomo ya nthamalo | lideni lya kushanga | ciimiko ca cisimoocesyo |
| Ponto de interrogação | nhlangavutisu | ekhomo ya nikoheryo | lideni lya kudya | ciimiko ca ciwuusyo |
| Ponto final | hiko | ekhomo yootthukwa | lideni lya kumalilila | cimicilo / ciimiko ca mbeesi |
| Redacção | nvumbotsalwa | olepa woowuupuwelela | ntenga wa kwandika | kusooma kwa nganicisyo |
| Sinais de pontuação | nhlangaxikombisu | mooniheryo a ikhomo | shimanyikilo sha madeni | yiloosya yiimicilo |
| Travessão | xitlhengulo | mukweretho | lukweo | luleembo lwa civeeceto |
| Vírgula | hifemulo | ekhomo yoomumula | lideni lya kupumula | ndoonya |